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"SFactor 5: Inquiring intellect Culture Intelligence Intellect Openness to experience@ i Z1Jh Z1 ܕJܕ:$  ;a  t  u    aMean Anger-in Scores by Intima- Media Thickness (data from Matthews, Owens, Kuller, et al., 1998).b0(1(,, w  'v  `  /      !"# $ % & ' ()*+,-./0123"8#9%:(=*  0` ̙33` ` ff3333f` 333MMM` f` f` 3` ̙33>?" dd@,?" dLjd@   " @ 3` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> (    6t"> P > T Click to edit Master title style! !  0%>  > RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  0,> `` > P*   01> `  > R*   0X5> `  > R* Z  Bc޽h @ ? fܕf3̙ $Blank Presentation 0` ̙33` ` ff3333f` 333MMM` f` f` 3>?" dd1|? " dd$ @"  _"  n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p> > 0|(     `fpp1 ?E f T Click to edit Master title style! !@  Zepp1 ? f RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     SB  s *޽h ? a( &Microsoft Office 980 tlp(  Hm[oN?   s *2e P   e V*    s *\#    e X*  d  c $ ?  e  s *h#  @ e RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  08 # `P  e V*    0| # `  e X*  H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.[r^Dh `P(  0# P P 0be P   > R*   P 0ge    e T*   P 6hle `P  e R*   P 6xpe `  e T*  H P 0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.[r^Dr 0 "P(    6,}_   Personality  00_ 0  3 Pittsburgh Mind-Body Center Summer Institute 20084438jfXB  0DjJ^B  6D>r  Zfd޽h @ ? ̙33 0 (( wY   6:# ` $Overview of Talk  0n< p@RJB___PPT9$ R What s personality Insights into doing personality research Major dimensions of personality Personality and health Which dimensions matter from common pathway model?@w3-w38jfXB  0DjJ^B  6D>``Z  BG- 2޽h @ ? ̙3310 q( %   6R_ ` XInformally Defining the Domain(  0V_ p0@ M Captures prominent characteristics (individual uniqueness) Consistency and continuity in behavior Across time Across situations Internal locus of causationXi$i<jfXB  0DjJ^B  6D>``H  0޽h ? ̙330 X( wY   6_ 0` VFormally Defining the Domain(  09 `@ 6Personality is a dynamic organization, inside the person, of psychophysical systems that create the person s characteristic patterns of behavior, thoughts, and feelings. Gordon Allport (1961)\'5;  <jfXB  0DjJ^B  6D>``H  0޽h ? ̙330 U( wY   69 ` bPersonality Assessment(   0z9   'e Physiological assessment Peer/other ratings Structured interview Self-report Projective ObjectivexQ$E    f<jfXB  0DjJ^B  6D>``H  0޽h ? ̙33f 0 (    6< ` x"Scheier s Dictums(    0< @  P Don t judge a scale by it s title! Decompose, don t aggregate! Factor analysis is more subjective than you think!ww w<jfXB  0DjJ^B  6D>``Z  BG- 2޽h @ ? ̙33z  0 *"0|( wY | | 6< ` n"Scheier s Dictums(  | 0T%< @  n Don t judge a scale by it s title! Decompose, don t aggregate! Factor analysis is more intuitive than you think!:v"S v<jfXB | 0DjJ^B | 6D>``Z | BG- 2޽h @ ? ̙33  0 P@>( wY @ @ s *7< r wOptimism vs. Depression2(2,0 g @ s *=<0  U I felt hopeful about my future. I rarely count on good things happening to me.x"% Lj2 23% Lj2!f2  f V ^B @ 6D>P0XB @ 0DjJ  ` Z @ B`\޽h @ ? ̙33  0 pE(    s *U< r wOptimism vs. Depression2(2,0 n  s *Z<0  \ I felt hopeful about my future. (D) I rarely count on good things happening to me. (O)x%% Lj2 27% Lj2$f6  f ] ^B  6D>P0XB  0DjJ  ` Z  B`\޽h @ ? ̙33%  0 DS( wY D D s *! r wSelf-Esteem vs. Anxiety2(2,0 | D s *!0  "R I am able to do things as well as most other people. I lack self-confidence. 8% Lj2$ Lj2% Lj26f   S ^B D 6D>P0XB D 0DjJ  ` Z D B`\޽h @ ? ̙33-  0 H[( wY H H s *`)! r wSelf-Esteem vs. Anxiety2(2,0  H s *0/!0  *Z I am able to do things as well as most other people. (SE) I lack self-confidence. (A)=% Lj2$ Lj2% Lj2;f   [ ^B H 6D>P0XB H 0DjJ  ` Z H B`\޽h @ ? ̙330 0 L^(  L L s *E!r }Depression vs. Activity level2(2,0  L s *lK!0  '] I like to be off and running as soon as I wake up in the morning. I could not get going.E% Lj2 2% Lj2Cf   ^ ^B L 6D>P0XB L 0DjJ  ` Z L B`\޽h @ ? ̙33G 0 Pu( w P P s *a!r Depression vs. Activity level2(2,0  P s *g!0  .d I like to be off and running as soon as I wake up in the morning. (A) I could not get going. (D)H% Lj2 2% Lj2Ff   e ^B P 6D>P0XB P 0DjJ  ` Z P B`\޽h @ ? ̙33 0 B:T(  T T s *L! r xOptimism vs. Neuroticism2(2,0  T s *!0   You have usually been optimistic about your future. I m always optimistic about my future.8% Lj2 2*% Lj27f(  f c ^B T 6D>P0XB T 0DjJ  ` Z T B`\޽h @ ? ̙33 0 PH0X(  X X s *! r xOptimism vs. Neuroticism2(2,0  X s **0   You have usually been optimistic about your future. (N) I m always optimistic about my future. (O);% Lj2 2.% Lj2:f,  f j ^B X 6D>P0XB X 0DjJ  ` Z X B`\޽h @ ? ̙330 P &(  R"  s *Ԕ0P` R"  s *fԔ 0P  s *X9 }Evaluating Personality Scales2(2,0   s *9`  Conceptual definition (variable):!$8LjK2 f ! ^B  6D>P0XB  0DjJ `  s *#9@   Operational definition (item):$8LjK2 Rr   s *op` Xr   0jJ0 P H  0޽h ? fܕf3̙x 0 ( p\( wY \ \ 6p* ` n"Scheier s Dictums(  \ 0* @  l Don t judge a scale by it s title! Decompose, don t aggregate! Factor analysis is more intuitive than you think!:u%5 u<jfXB \ 0DjJ^B \ 6D>``Z \ BG- 2޽h @ ? ̙33 0 QIP( wY Pr P S P0*   * I P s *3*@`PX I KSS Symptoms X Immune function Reactivity X Morbidity Mortality Z`7 028 2D J @ XB P 0DԔ^B P 6DLj> P XB P 0DjJP PXB P 0DԔp@ @ XB P 0DԔH P 0޽h ? fܕf3̙y 0 )! H( wY Hl H C K*   * [ H s *M*@0X [ EI A O W Symptoms ? ? ? ? Immune Function Reactivity ? ? ? ? Morbidity Mortality Z `702A 2 R \ ` ^" H 6fjJ@ @^" H 6fjJP @ @ XB H 0DԔXB  H 0DԔ0^B  H 6DLj> P XB  H 0DjJP PXB  H 0DԔp H H 0޽h ? fܕf3̙ 0 1) \( wY \r \ S *   * ] \ s *4@0X ] EI A O W Symptoms X X X X Immune Function X X Reactivity X X X Morbidity X Mortality XZ `702C 2 T ^ ` XB \ 0DԔXB \ 0DԔ0^B \ 6DLj> P XB \ 0DjJP PXB \ 0DԔp ^"  \ 6fjJPp p^"  \ 6fjJP p 0 H \ 0޽h ? fܕf3̙ 0  `[( wY `r ` S D    ] ` s *x@0X ] EI A O W Symptoms X X X X Immune Function X X Reactivity X X X Morbidity X Mortality XZ `702C 2 T ^ ` XB ` 0DԔXB ` 0DԔ0^B ` 6DLj> P XB ` 0DjJP PXB ` 0DԔp ^"  ` 6fjJP pH ` 0޽h ? fܕf3̙#80 0( fito{5 2  s *opXPH___PPT2001$@F   s *P-90XPH___PPT2001$F OO2(2  s *p29pXPH___PPT2001$F ?LOT (2   69S t W NEUROTICISM0     690 pw XPH___PPT2001$F BOptimism    s *X9 0 @ OEmotional Instability  6Z9 ?WorrydB   <Dop B   <Do XPH___PPT2001$@FB   <Do  XPH___PPT2001$@FdB   <Do`@   6`9 n  AAnxietyR2  s *oP   s *8e9 W OW2(2R2  s *op``   6i9 =A (2R2  s *o P 2  0lo9o   D   s *9 @ OO2(2  69` @  <EIdB  <Do  dB  <Do@` H  0޽h ? fܕf3̙RJ___PPT10*+Df' 39= @B D!' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D ' =%(D ' =%(D1' =4@BB BB%(D' =-o6Bdissolve*<3<*D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D>' =A@BB BB0B%(D' =-o6Bdissolve*<3<*D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D1' =4@BB BB%(D' =-o6Bdissolve*<3<* D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D1' =4@BB BB%(D' =-o6Bdissolve*<3<* D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D>' =A@BB BB0B%(D' =-o6Bdissolve*<3<*D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(Dq' =%(D' =%(D' =A@BB%BB0B%(D' =-g6B fade*<3<*D ' =+4 8?XCB ppt_xBCB ppt_xB*Y3>B ppt_x<*D%' d=+4 8?`CB ppt_yBCBppt_y-.03B*Y3>B ppt_y<*)?DA' =+4 8?\CB ppt_yBCBppt_y+1B*Y3>B ppt_y<*%(d)?D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(++0+0 ++0+0 ++0+0 +ȋ+U90 G?@ ( to   R2  s *op  s *<90 OO2(2  s *hA9p ?LOT (2   6\E9S t W NEUROTICISM0     6J90 pw  BOptimism    s *N9 0 @ OEmotional Instability  6R9 ?WorryB   <Dop XPH___PPT2001$DFdB   <Do B   <Do  XPH___PPT2001$@FdB   <Do`@   69 n  AAnxietyR2  s *oP   s *9 W OW2(2R2  s *op``   69 =A (22  s *o P XPH___PPT2001$@F2  09o   D    s *9 @XPH___PPT2001$F OO2(2  6T9` @  <EIdB  <Do  dB  <Do@` H  0޽h ? fܕf3̙#  ___PPT10 +D ' >= @B Db ' = @BA?%,( < +O%,( < +D ' =%(DA ' =%(D1' =4@BB BB%(D' =-o6Bdissolve*<3<*D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D>' =A@BB BB0B%(D' =-o6Bdissolve*<3<*D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<*%(D1' =4@BB BB%(D' =-o6Bdissolve*<3<* D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(D1' =4@BB BB%(D' =-o6Bdissolve*<3<* D' =1:Bhidden*o3>+B#style.visibility<* %(+8+0+0 +t([x 0 ( ``( wY ` ` 6| ` n"Scheier s Dictums(  ` 0 @0p  l Don t judge a scale by it s title! Decompose, don t aggregate! Factor analysis is more intuitive than you think!:uB2 u<jfXB ` 0DjJ^B ` 6D>``Z ` BG- 2޽h @ ? ̙330 XP(    6\9 ` >Steps in Factor Analysis >  09    Derive intercorrelation matrix of items Do the factor analysis Examine the pattern of  factor loadings Correlations between items and underlying hypothetical factors Label the factors Taking into account factor loadings of itemsk?$zߓ-$zߓj>-8jfXB  0DjJ^B  6D>``H  0޽h ? ̙330 t,( wY t t s *ܱ9 ~What s My Name?2(2,0 N t s *4Pf 1. I rarely get into arguments. 2. I d rather be a leader than a follower. 3. I m a pretty easygoing person. 4. I like to be with people. 5. I m really inefficient. 6. I enjoy interacting socially. 7. I hate to give up on projects once I ve started them. 8. I can be cold at times. 9. It s important for me to do well at work.&H$0Ljn2H H ^B t 6D>0P01XB t 0DjJ` `aH t 0޽h ? fܕf3̙ 0 ^(  r  S `   ^B  6DLj>PXB  0DjJ &  s * : Factor A B C Item 1 .62 .15 .01 Item 2 .03 - .08 .49 Item 3 .54 .04 - .20 Item 4 .10 .11 .56 Item 5 -.12 - .62 .18 Item 6 .07 .08 .50 Item 7 - .02 .72 .12 Item 8 - .72 .07 -.06 Item 9 .08 .48 .08 2 P 2     $$((,,004488 <<     0  XB  0Dop`pXB  0Do H  0޽h ? fܕf3̙T0 (    s *PB hFactor A2 (2,0 ^B  6D>P0XB  0DjJ  `!  s *\ N  rItem 1. I rarely get into arguments. (.62) Item 3. I m a pretty easygoing person. (.54) Item 8. I can be cold at times. (- .72).0}2  H  0޽h ? fܕf3̙0 PH(    s *()PB hFactor B2 (2,0 ^B  6D>P0XB  0DjJ  `!  s *=  PItem 5. I m really inefficient. (- .62) Item 7. I hate to give up on projects once I ve started them. (.72) Item 9. It s important for me to do well at work. (.48).0}2  H  0޽h ? fܕf3̙j 0  ( w3f   s *fPB hFactor C2 (2,0 ^B  6D>P0XB  0DjJ  `!  s *XfN  Item 2. I d rather be a leader than a follower. (.49) Item 4. I like to be with people. (.56) Item 6. I enjoy interacting socially. (.50).0}2  H  0޽h ? fܕf3̙!0 <4@(    6f ` kMajor Dimensions of Personality $   0f `0 U Extraversion Emotionality Agreeableness Conscientiousness Openness to experienceVV V<jfXB  0DjJ^B  6D>``  s *4Ffp * zThe  Big Five 0 2   H  0޽h ? ̙33"0 \T`(    s *<f r zProblems with the Big five2(2,0   s * f@   Aggregation vs. decomposition problem Identification of dimensions not clear Some dimensions aren t represented ~t% Lj2%(  f# e ^B  6D>P0XB  0DjJ  ` H  0޽h ? fܕf3̙#0 JB( wY   s *f r zProblems with the Big five2(2,0   s *\f@   Aggregation vs. decomposition problem Identification of dimensions not clear Some dimensions aren t represented lt% Lj2(&f#   e ^B  6D>P0XB  0DjJ  ` H  0޽h ? fܕf3̙D $0 r(    HDi `     Bi    Z  B`\޽h @ ? ̙33D %0 r(    H  `     B$[    Z  B`\޽h @ ? ̙33D &0 r(    Hd `     B(    Z  B`\޽h @ ? ̙33D '0 r(     H `     Bhq    Z  B`\޽h @ ? ̙33D (0  r(    Hx `     B    Z  B`\޽h @ ? ̙33)0 JB@(    s *`tf r zProblems with the Big five2(2,0   s *|yf@   Aggregation vs. decomposition problem Identification of dimensions not clear Some dimensions aren t represented lt% Lj2Nf"   e ^B  6D>P0XB  0DjJ  ` H  0޽h ? fܕf3̙[*0  `h( wY h h s *,!f TWhat s This? (2 0 h s *%f  )= .17 EX - .30 EM + .13 A + .16 C + .14 O6*$ Lj2)f ^B h 6D>P0XB h 0DjJ `H h 0޽h ? fܕf3̙ :0 (  N  C &Aisland@   6l4 RJB___PPTMac11   hnamd` Arial&Monotype Typography  ?Hint:,Z  B`\޽h @ ? ̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' 9= @B ++0 h`p( wY p p s *44f E Optimism! (2 ,S p s *8f@  ]Optimism (LOT-R) = .17 EX - .30 EM + .13 A + .16 C + .14 O Multiple R = .54 R Square = .27n=$ Lj2!$0Lj2<f    ^B p 6D>P0XB p 0DjJ `H p 0޽h ? fܕf3̙T ,0 j( wY   s *S J mPersonality and Physical Health2 (2(0  s *@@ CSeveral potential personality variables implicated: Hostility/cynicism Style of emotional suppression Pessimism Depressed affect 4$ Lj2R% Lj23 @ff @^B  6D>P0XB  0DjJ  ` r  Zfd޽h @ ? ̙33! -0 hO( wY h h s *  r rHostility/Cynicism2(2,0 } h s *$@v #eAssociated with: CHD incidence Major CHD events (MI, CHD death) Total mortality CHD risk factors ~$ Lj2U% Lj2 Sff f @^B h 6D>P0XB h 0DjJ  ` Z h B`\޽h @ ? ̙33Q .0 l( wY l l s *( r uEmotional Suppression2(2,0  l s *-@ PpAssociated with: CHD incidence Subclinical CVD markers Cancer incidence/progression HIV progression Asthma ~$ Lj2`% Lj2 ^ff,! : @^B l 6D>P0XB l 0DjJ  ` Z l B`\޽h @ ? ̙33/0 ]U (  9  6N  + QEmotional Suppression and Subclinical CVD (Matthews, Owens, Kuller, et al., 1998),R*$'2 t  0U p ~ 541 premenopausal woman were evaluated for standard CVD risk factors and psychosocial attributes at baseline, including trait anger, anxiety, anger-in, and public self-consciousness 10 years later 200 women who had been menopausal for at least 5 years were scanned for carotid atherosclerosis using B-mode ultrasound Scans scored for average intima-media thickness and plaque index@h Z1ܕ}ܕܕ2D"H  0޽h ? fܕf3̙" 00 @P(    He P     HA ? #.   <g' |Intima-media Thickness0Z  B`\޽h @ ? ̙33m 10 `t( wY t t s *0uz $ +Optimism/Pessimism and Physical Well-being>(2+,0 , t s *{ z Rehospitalization following CABG surgery Recovery from heart transplantation All-cause mortality; cardiovascular- and cancer- specific mortality Cancer death and MI incidence Impaired immune function l%0Ljx2% Lj2ff  ^B t 6D>jP0jXB t 0DjJ ` t s * `  nAssociated with:0(2 Z t B`\޽h @ ? ̙330N0 xp(    6(af `` c'Optimism in Head & Neck Cancer Patients ('#  0f + N Examined whether pessimistic head and neck cancer patients have a greater risk of death 1 year after diagnosis than do optimistic patients 6-nin2H,.+ 8jfjB  BDjJ?    H f1?Q SAllison, P.J., Guichard, C., Fung, K, Gilain, L. (2003). Dispositional optimism predicts survival status 1 year after diagnosis in head and Neck cancer patients. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21(3), pp. 543-548.>T  <޽h @ ? G- q!U>=UU(0N0 !(    6f `` c'Optimism in Head & Neck Cancer Patients ('#*  0Pf @@jbZ___PPT9<4 Xx Sample& 101 newly diagnosed head & neck cancer patients at a university hospital in France 94 were male Average age = 58.3 years 35 had early stage cancer; 35 stage III; and 31 stage IV n2T" Lj_$Lj Tf^  f  f 8jfjB  BDjJ?  T  <޽h @ ? G- q!U>=UU(=0N0  6(    6T~e ` B)   0Le 00  f   @jf`  He1?+m ___PPTMac11  (namd Symbol   `(Optimism in Head & Neck Cancer Patients))(  HĔe1?=+ ___PPTMac11  (namd Symbol   ~FRelationship Between Dispositional Optimism And 1-Year Survival StatusGGf4  <,e1?@ F  ___PPTMac11  (namd Symbol   <Age, years 35-49 5.15 1.63 - 16.39 50-81 ref ==,1  <e1?  ___PPTMac11  (namd Symbol   7Variable Categories Odds Ratio 95% CI88, f  <Be1?   ___PPTMac11  (namd Symbol   JCohabitation Alone 4.14 1.21 - 14.17 status Family/friends refKKPQ   HLe1?  ___PPTMac11  (namd Symbol   ;Disease stage Late 4.74 1.65 - 13.70 Early ref<<>>   He1?0UP ___PPTMac11  (namd Symbol   (FLOT continuous 1.12 1.01 - 1.24))>  jB   BDjJ?jB   BDjJ?kT  <޽h @ ? G- q!U>=UU( 20 ;3p( wY p p s *< r j Depression2 (2 ,0  p s * @` Associated with: Short-term mortality among MI patients New CHD-related events (onset of angina, non-fatal MI) Cancer-related mortality ? Disease progression among HIV+ men $ Lj2% Lj2 |$ff  ^B p 6D>P0XB p 0DjJ  ` Z p B`\޽h @ ? ̙33 30 w ( wY   s *8k r k Conclusions2 (2 ,0   s *p@`~  8 Personality factors do impact on health It s better to reveal than obscure A little paranoia goes a long way If you do personality research, do it rightH% Lj2)sf  ^B  6D>P0XB   0DjJ  ` r  Zfd޽h @ ? ̙33V0 (   3 r0wawa1 ? @      N1 ?   H  0޽h ? a(V0 (   3 rwawa1 ? @      N1 ?   H  0޽h ? a(X0 tl( ;zst R  3    #r  # # @  #  H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.[r^D[0 tl(  RR R  3    _r  # u< @  _  H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.[r^DC0 tl( ;t@t R  3    #r  # '# @  #  H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.[r^DB0 tl( a0! R  3    #r  # ~< @  <  H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.[r^DE0 tl( CCCC R  3    <r  # < @  <  H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.[r^DV0 tl (  R  3    <r  # < @  <  H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.[r^Dy0 tl@( (Y R  3    <r  # \4< @  <  H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.[r^Dj0 tl`( @ R  3    <r  # Q< @  <  H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.[r^DY0 tl( obtt R  3    <r  # z< @  <  H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.[r^Dk0 tl(  R  3    <r  # ! @  <  H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.[r^Dl0 tl( 3[t t R  3    <r  # 5! @  <  H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.[r^Dm0 tl(  R  3    <r  # Q! @  <  H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.[r^Dn0 tl(  up.u R  3    <r  # l! @  <  H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.[r^Do0 tl  ( -?  R   3    <r   # ! @  <  H   0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.[r^Dp0 tl@( +LuPyu R  3    <r  # $* @  <  H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.[r^DN0 tl`( arFem R  3    *r  # * @  *  H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.[r^Dq0 tl(   R  3    *r  # -* @  *  H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.[r^D50 tl(  R  3    *r  # (H* @  *  H  0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.[r^D30 tl ( pRauTu  R   3    *r   # / @  *  H   0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.[r^D70 tl$( GK6v0v $R $ 3    r $ # A @    H $ 0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.[r^D80 tl(( lo Ps Vu (R ( 3    r ( # 4 @    H ( 0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.[r^Dr0 tlp0(  Ps Vu 0R 0 3    r 0 #  @    H 0 0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.[r^DI0 tl4( |+uPu 4R 4 3    r 4 #  @    H 4 0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.[r^D<0 tl8( Hu0t 8R 8 3    r 8 #  @    H 8 0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.[r^DJ0 tl<( lortngiSrutae <R < 3    r < # 8) @    H < 0޽h ? ̙3380___PPT10.[r^DK0 tl@( tt @R @ 3    r @ # 3wmv\5ۘڄ. 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